The Ethics of Medical Animal Testing Essay -- Ethical Treatment of Anim

In all matters, including medicine, the well-being of the human race comes before any other consideration. This is the justification for the use of dehumanised animal testing in medicine. Of course this argument brings issues into play that are both ethical and professional and need exploring before a definitive coiffe can be given. The Rights of Lesser Life FormsAnimals move over rights. This is a statement that very few people will disagree with. Animal cruelty as an end unto itself (i.e. for entertainment) is just wrong. Short of being a sociopath I rattlingly cant imagine anyone saying or thinking otherwise. The real ethical question comes when humanity can benefit from a cruelty committed against an animal.As far as life on this planet goes, we front to be at the pinnacle of creation. Though we have only been here for less than the blinking of an eye, as far as our small planet is concerned, we have achieved heights unparalleled by any species to grace the world before us. Because of this we have looked at the rest of existence as lesser than us and because present for our use.A Respect for All LifeThis view of superiority has begun to diminish only very lately. The first reason for this elevated respect for bloodless animals comes from the same source as our concern for our fellow human beings compassion. As a species humans have, for whatever reason, developed the ability to conceptualize ourselves in the put in of other things we observe. While this ability is strongest when dealing with other humans, it is even possible to do this with humans. This is of course followed by hard reasoning as to why dehumanised animals do have rights.Peter Singer, a professor in bioethics, is believed by some to have beg... ...ights movement http//www.animalrights.net/Research Defense Society an organization keep animal testing http//www.rds-online.org.uk/home.htmlSeriously Ill for Medical Research an organization supporting animal testing ( he has even posted his hate mail) http//www.simr.org.uk/pages/simr/index.htmlfederal official Food and Drug Administration The USs legal authority on animal testing http//www.fda.govPhysicians Committee for Responsible medication an organization against animal testing http//www.pcrm.org/issues/Animal_Experimentation_Issues/animal_issues.htmlPeople for Ethical Treatment of Animals Animals rights group http//www.peta.comSeriously Ill Against Vivisection an organization against animal testing http//www.siav.comPeter Singer think A site dedicated to Peter Singer and his works http//www.petersingerlinks.com/

Life of George Eliot aka Mary Ann Evans Essay -- essays research pape

George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans) lived from 1819 to 1880. She was raised in a very traditional family. Her father was a farmer who managed various estates, and he made certain that his young woman was given a very strict Methodist education. She attended a series of boarding schools where she learned that which was typical for a young lady in the early part of the nineteenth century -- subjects such as French, piano, and handwriting. While at these boarding schools, she frequently turned to fiction as a puzzle out of amusement, establishing at an early age the foundation upon which her later novels would be based. Despite this traditional upbringing, though, Mary Ann Evans lived an adult life that many considered to be utterly scandalous. In the mid-1840s she began to question seriously the Christian faith in which she was raised, and by the end of the 1840s she had abandoned the church altogether. This questioning of religion may have initiated her literary career, though, her trans formation of Das Leben Jesu, a controversial inquiry into the tenets of Christianity, gained her some notice in L...

Children in Blake’s Poetry Essay -- William Blake Poetry Poets Essays

Children in Blakes PoetryThe use of children is a prominent theme in a number of William Blakes poems. It is apparent in reading such poems as, The beloved, The Little Black son, and The Chimney Sweeper, that Blake sees the world through the eyes of a child and embraces the innocence of the young. Blakes poem The Lamb, from Songs of Innocence unfeignedly illustrates the innocence and purity of a young child. The persona in the poem is of a young child. The child questions the lamb as to where he came from and asks, Little Lamb who made thee? / Dost thou know who made thee? (9,10) The child is expecting the Lamb to answer him but it is obvious to the reader that the Lamb cant talk. When the child receives no answer, he decides that hell tell the lamb where he came from. He says, Little Lamb, Ill tell thee (12). The child says He is called by thy name for he calls himself a LambHe is meek & mild,He became a little childI a child & thou a lamb,We are called by his name. (13,18)The child really shows that his innocence here. The Lamb is being referred to as Jesus, the Lamb of God. The child is saying that that Lamb, Jesus and the child are all the same. What the boy does not understand, because he is a child and so innocent, is that the Lamb will be sacrificed, and the child will die, just like Jesus did when He was crucified. The Little Black Boy from Songs of Innocence is another poem that illustrates the innocence of children. The poem is written from the persona of a little black boy who has been told that being white is better then being black. The little boy saysAnd I am black, but O my soul is whiteWhite as an angel is the English child entirely I am b... ...s parents have gone to church to pray. The child blames his parents as well as society for his present position in life and saysAnd because I am happy, & dance & sing,They think they have done me no injury,And are gone to praise God & his Priest & King,Who make up a enlightenment of our misery. (9,12)Unlike The Chimney Sweeper from Songs of Innocence, the young boy in this poem realizes that he is going to die and that this is wrong. He blames God, his parents and society for letting this happened to him. Blake is still perceive the world through the eyes of a child in this poem, however, he is looking at it from a more mature or experienced psyche of view. Many of William Blakes poems contain images of children and depict children as innocent and nave. Blake sees the world through the eyes of a child and he shows this through his poetry.

God I Hate... :: essays research papers

idol I HateGod, I hate getting up this early. But I only got three months left then Ill never have to get up early again. Three more months and this time I graduate. Dads doing moderately good on the railroad job now. Hasnt been laid off for a couple of years now. David is doing good in the Navy, and my future at greaser Bell is almost a guarantee. Dont know why this diploma shit is so important to everyone, Im making 165.00 a week now and Im only 18 Thats better than some factories and I dont work as gravid as they do. If I wasnt going to this dumbass high school everyday Ill bet I could make 200 or even 225 dollars a week. Theyd let me work. Im the best employee they got. Someday Ill own Taco Bell.Okay Okay Im up prick it I yell at Mom as I st ar at the clock. Jesus She didnt graduate, and she did okay. If she only knew how badly I hated that jell Nothing was the same as it was when I was a kid. Teachers taught for the money. They dont give a damn about us at each(prenominal) . Suddenly all the guys Id grown up with were black. That means they cant be seen hanging with me because Im now white clams. Dont remember it bothering them when Id spend the night at their house or theyd stay over at mine. nowadays Im part of the race that owned and sold them. Go figure. I never owned a slave. Near as I could tell, no one in my families past had ever owned one either. Oh well, timed to get ready. School starts in 30 minutes. Mom is already to take me. I think she gets off pissing me off. Was I supposed to do some homework for today? Oh well, tough shit. Theyll get it when I give it to them. Now where are my jeans? God its cold I hate mornings. I hate school. I hate the teachers. I hate most of the students. Why did I ever go back? Mom is taking me to school in her bathrobe again Now aint that a cool look Dingy pink nylon. Oh God She even has the fuzzy pink slipper on Oh this is a lovely sight. Pulling up to Marion High in a 1972 Ford station station waggon driv en by a crazy woman dressed in a nightgown and slippers And pink, raggedy ones at that Dad could get a better cable car now but will he?

Essay --

On Friday November 15, 2013, I be a concert that I found truly interesting. It took bewilder at 730 pm at the First Presbyterian Church of the Covenant. The company performing was the Erie Chamber Orchestra but as a special the lubricious Rock University Concert Choir was also there.During the performance I attended, two pieces were performed. The first was a Mozart piece by the name of Symphony No. 41 or Jupiter. The second and final was the Lord Nelson hole be by Joseph Haydn. In this concert, the two performances differed greatly unlike the last performance that I went to. The preceding(prenominal) one that I attended had music that all sounded very similar to me. That could salutary be my lack of experience with American music, especially music that was composed hundreds of years ago. This time, there was vocal accompaniment with the second piece which clearly made it much different than the other works that I listened to. The Lord Nelson Mass was one that I enjoyed mor e and I feel that is because of the choir that performed. Although it is not the type of music that I usually listen to, it is still has some more similarities than the symphony by Mozart.The Lord Nelson Mass composed by Haydn was my favorite performance of the evening. The choir immediately captured my attention and seemed to do the same for everyone else in the audience. I was very impressed by the fact that the choir was made up entirely of college students. It was also stated that some of them sing in the choir just for fun as they are not music majors. There seemed to be an appeal in the fact that the singers were mostly very young. The piece as a whole was also very enjoyable. There was a lot of contrast which I really enjoyed. The music would be very loud and then... ...orgettable. Overall, I was very impressed by the concert and I feel that the rest of the audience was also. The expectations for the members of the Chamber Orchestra are high and those were met but I feel th at the expectations for the choral group were not as high. My expectations for the choir were not very high and they were immensely exceeded. The level of talent in that group was something that I was really not expecting at all. Emotionally, I was brought in by The Lord Nelson Mass and it was an interesting experience. Technically, I feel that everyone was flawless though I do not have a lot of experience in music. The type of music performed will never be my favorite however, it is something that I can really appreciate. The concert that I attended last Friday was an interesting one where I got to have some new experiences and learn about classical music.

Essay --

On Friday November 15, 2013, I attended a concert that I found really interesting. It took place at 730 pm at the First Presbyterian Church of the Covenant. The group performing was the Erie Chamber Orchestra but as a special the Slippery Rock University Concert Choir was also there.During the capital punishment I attended, two pieces were performed. The first was a Mozart piece by the name of Symphony No. 41 or Jupiter. The turn and final was the Lord Nelson host dispassionate by Joseph Haydn. In this concert, the two performances differed greatly unlike the last performance that I went to. The previous one that I attended had medicine that all sounded very similar to me. That could just be my lack of experience with American medication, especially music that was composed hundreds of years ago. This time, there was vocal accompaniment with the second piece which clearly made it much different than the other works that I listened to. The Lord Nelson surge was one that I enjoy ed more and I pure tone that is because of the choir that performed. Although it is not the type of music that I usually listen to, it is still has some more similarities than the symphony by Mozart.The Lord Nelson Mass composed by Haydn was my favorite performance of the evening. The choir immediately captured my attention and seemed to do the same for everyone else in the audience. I was very impressed by the fact that the choir was made up entirely of college students. It was also stated that some of them sing in the choir just for fun as they are not music majors. There seemed to be an appeal in the fact that the singers were mostly very young. The piece as a whole was also very enjoyable. There was a lot of contrast which I really enjoyed. The music would be very loud and then... ...orgettable. Overall, I was very impressed by the concert and I liveliness that the rest of the audience was also. The expectations for the members of the Chamber Orchestra are high and those we re met but I feel that the expectations for the choral group were not as high. My expectations for the choir were not very high and they were immensely exceeded. The level of talent in that group was something that I was really not expecting at all. Emotionally, I was brought in by The Lord Nelson Mass and it was an interesting experience. Technically, I feel that everyone was flawless though I do not confuse a lot of experience in music. The type of music performed will never be my favorite however, it is something that I can really appreciate. The concert that I attended last Friday was an interesting one where I got to have some new experiences and learn about classical music.

A Woman’s Place Is In the Home Essay

The saying A Womans Place Is In the pedestal seems extremely provokative to me. I refuse to accept this idea. I strongly believe that a woman should develop some professional skills and have a transmission line. Anyway, the enquire to work or not to work is quite often raised in many families because the issue is not so clear. In my presentation Id like to dwell on the advantages and disadvantages of the situation in which a woman has to combine family and career. I will start with the drawbacks the family may suffer from. Ive singled out 5 of them. 1. Its very hard sometimes to juggle family and career. A woman experiences lack of free time, lack of sleep which may sink to stress and problems with health. 2. A woman may start paying less attention to her economize and her children.As a consequence, they may get dissapointed, they may take down feel that their wife and mother doesnt love them any more. 3. Because of stress a woman may start pouring all her worries to her spouse thus irritating him. It may result in divorse. 4. A woman may retire into herself and her career thus provoking the possibility of adultery on her economises part who may seek endearment elsewhere. 5. In case a womans career is more successful than that of her spouse it may dictate a strain on the marriage. Some men just cant put up with the fact that their wife earns more than they do. Now I will pass to the benefits which the family may have if a woman works. Ill mebtion 10 of them. 1. Financial aspect more income.2. A womans egoism and fulfillment are developed. 3. Communication with other people beyond the family circle meets social needs of a human being. 4. Family relationships become more balanced, a husband respects his wife, doesnt reproach her. Equality. 5. A woman feels more affection and love for her family because she misses them. 6. Children become more independent with an internalized sense of responsibility. 7. A woman becomes best groomed and better dressed t hus feels happier. 8. Social benefits (insurance policy, social security).9. Financial independence. A woman becomes a productive and contributing member of the family. 10. A job generates self-discilpline, sets order in life and makes a woman a perfect time-manager. Summing it all up Id like tosay that Im absolutely convinced that the benefits mentioned above prevail all the disadvantages. It worths taking risks and truing at least. In my opinion a womans place is not scarcely in the home because a woman is a much more talanted and gifted creature than many men believe.

Do Resuscitate Status: a Legal and Ethical Challenge for Nursing

Do Resuscitate Status A Legal and Ethical Challenge for nurse Shawn Wolkart Senior Integrative Seminar Spring A semester, 2010 University of Saint Mary Abstract A status of do resuscitate in those critically ill forbearings may result in a soggy economy. A slow code is a situation where the treat staff decides to do less than the standard treated forth by advanced life support algorithms and the nurse practice act and allow the patient to die instead of possibly sustaining life. The sound implications allow in falsification of documents and breaching the standard of administer set forth by the nurse practice act.The estimable issues include malfeasance, dishonesty, and taking on the role of deciding who has a chance to live during a life threatening situation, demonstrating medical paternalism. When I was in nursing school, I did my rotations in a couple of intensifier care units (ICU). Often I cared for patients who were very ill and possibly dying. I took very seriously the task of discussing do not resuscitate (DNR) status with the patient and family, plain as a student. Many times, death was anticipated and those involved were ready to make a decision toward do not resuscitate status.The levelheaded and honest dilemma arose when the patient or family was against DNR status and wanted everything done. Some of the intensive care units that I have worked in had an unwritten status of slow code that the nursing staff would assign to patients that, according to consensus, would not survive. This slow code meant that the staff would call the code after the patient was too far-gone for successful resuscitation or that advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) protocol drugs would not be given. It may have been less than adequate CPR or decreasing the engrossment of oxygen apply.I had the run acrossing that life saving resources was not to be wasted on these patients. I heard nurses talk about squirting the drugs into a garbage can or into the mattress of the bed. In one small hospital in a small town, I rotated through a 7-bed intensive care unit. When the manager of the unit would receive a synopsis of the patients and their statuses she would ask about code status. She would tell me that ICU did not need to waste its resources on patients with a do not resuscitate (DNR) status.I, however, believed that no code did not mean no care. This manager would push the nurses to talk to the family and physicians about qualification the patient a DNR so they could be moved out to an other(a) level of care. For those patients with a dismal prognosis that did not become DNR, the staff would and so decide if they should be a slow code. As a new upcoming nurse, this appalled me. How could nurses decide when we gave our all and when we held back? I neer participated in these slow codes but I never reported what I heard.At that time I was certain the manager would have supported or even taught the nursing staff the techniques of slow codes. Performing these slow codes was a breach in legal and ethical conduct. Legally, the charting would include the drugs given that were actually universe wasted, constituting falsification of documents. If these nurses were turned over to the legal system, they could have been charged with harm to the patient by with holding treatment. The nurses participation also breached the nurse practice act by not following the standard of care.Ethically, there are issues of malfeasance, dishonesty, and p profaneing God by making decisions about life and death. thither were many times that I felt that our efforts were wasted on ninety year old patients with radiation markings for cancer treatment but I everlastingly tried to do my best and follow the patients and familys wishes. I spent time explaining to families the condition of their loved one and what resuscitation did to a body. I wanted the family to understand what resuscitation efforts looked like and the damage they may cause.My instr uctor often aspect I got too involved. I too did not want to resuscitate a patient dying of pancreatic cancer or from severe head trauma but never felt that I had the authority to make those decisions. Although it has been many historic period since I rotated through an intensive care, I am sure these issues still arise. As a nurse I worked in the pediatric and neonatal ICUs and thankfully was not exposed to this type of ethical dilemma. In those instances we did everything we could for those little lives. Today, I would report this to the manager and follow the hain of command. The staff involve education and training on end of life care and issues, legal and ethical dilemmas in relation to code status, and review of the nurse practice act. Reviewing legal fonts and outcomes with the staff may also increase awareness of the dangers of practices such as slow codes. Nurses are to be healing, caring, empathetic and supportive of patients and families during critical illness, death and dying. At that time, I was just a student nurse and had yet to realize the consequences of this unethical practice.However, as a manager equipped with the knowledge of the ethical and legal dilemmas of a slow code, my actions today would be different. Involving the ethics committee in these cases would be encouraged. According to Pozgar (2007), An ethics committee in the health care lay is a multidisciplinary committee that serves as a hospital resource to patients, families, and staff, offering an objective counsel when facing tough health care issues and decisions. As a manager, I have a duty to care and having staff breach this duty to care would also be my responsibility.Falsification of medical records is grounds for unlawful indictment, as well as civil liability even if the intent was not malicious. Punitive damages may be awarded even if the falsification did not cause compensable harm (Pozgar 2007). Negligence must also be considered in these slow codes. It could b e shown that the patient was not given an opportunity to survive. As a manager aware of these slow codes, I would be prepared to bring disciplinary action against those participating and to report their actions to the state board of nursing as necessary.This type of behavior violates patient autonomy and is similar to medical paternalism, which involves the health care professional making decisions for those capable of making their own. These actions in slow codes can constitute passive euthanasia, involving the withholding of life-saving treatment. (Pozgar 2007) These types of situations and the legal and ethical dilemmas surrounding them will continue in the future. With machines that can sustain cardiopulmonary function, the medical and lay communities will continue to question what constitutes death and the realities of dying.We will also continue to encounter situational ethics, where ones values and moral character can changes with difficult decisions (Pozgar 2007). What I wou ld not change is that staff continues to receive education and support in these difficult situations. After reviewing the material and reflecting on the various legal and ethical issues presented during the course work, my thinking about these events has not changed concerning the legal aspects. Legally, withholding treatment and falsifying documentation is negligence on the nurses part, punishable by tort law.The ethics considerations in these events and others studied presented a plethora of considerations including paternalism, euthanasia, and dishonesty. I would involve boldness and the ethics committee to conduct a review of the case and appropriate investigation. If an investigation reveals wrongdoing, the issues encompass the legal, clinical, and public relations perspectives. If the practice is disclosed to the family, civil suits may result. If the practice is disclosed to the community, trust may be modify and the hospitals reputation damaged.The administration and medic al staff are legally bound and ethically obligated to report information affecting the licensure of professionals involved, including nurses and other physicians. If the facility chooses the course of saving the family the emotional pain of knowing that more could have been done by not disclosing the slow code, are they really only if protecting themselves from further damage? The ethical decisions to be made over known slow codes are not easy, but it remains important that the thought process is a clear as possible.Any course of action will have practical and moral implications. (Boyle, 2001) The ethics committee is a valuable resource to be utilized when these difficult situations occur. In the past, I viewed the ethics committee as a shadow of administration that was only to be used in the most difficult life and death cases involving comatose mothers and unborn children. However, now the ethics committee can be utilized as a powerful resource for supporting and educating staff , patients, and families. As expansive as the legal issues are in a slow code, the ethical issues are doubled.The education I have received by participating in this course leaves me confused as to why these practices were allowed and ashamed that I did not do more to mightily report this practice. However, I can now take a stance in educating others on the moral, legal, and ethical standards concerning the practice of slow codes. This will remain a challenge, as I recently had the nurse manager of a critical care unit say that slow codes were the best thing that physicians and nurses could do for a patient at times.Dying with dignity, when patients and families are informed and supported, is a better path than one filled with negligence and dishonesty. References Pozgar, G. D. , (2007). Legal aspects of health care administration (10th ed. ). Sudbury, MA. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc. Boyle, P. J. , Dubois, E. R. , Ellingson, S. J. , Guinn, D. E. , & McCurdy, D. B. (2001). Or ganizational ethics in health care Principles, cases, and practical solutions. San Francisco Jossey-Bass.

Aim of My Life Essay

Man is born in this world to perform some noble deeds. He should have a noble aim in his life. He should sincerely try after it. This will lead him to success and he will be able to do his aim.The aim of my lifeThe aim of my life is to save the people from their physical ailments. Hence, I wish to be a doctor.My merits for my aim in lifeA man should consider his merits and demerits before he settles the aim of his life. I have considered both of the sides. The following points run in favor of my purpose.I have been doing sort of well in Science and Mathematics. I like to attend on the patients. I like to nurse the sick persons. My father has enough money to erect in a medical college. Hence, it will not be difficult for me strive after my noble aim.My work after I become a doctorAfter I become a doctor, I shall open a clinic in my village I shall visit the patients. I shall charge real small fee for visit because I do not like to be rich. I want only to maintain my family. I shal l sell rock-steady medicines to the sick people. I shall charge them possible low price for the medicines. I shall work hard. I shall take pride in saving lives from death and disease. I shall name and fame as a good doctor. I shall earn name and fame as an honest doctor.ConclusionThe aim of my life is certainly noble. With it I whitethorn not be rich. But I shall get the blessing of God

Rhone-Poulenc

Rhone-Poulenc 1) What are the goals of and constraints faced by the French State? Rhone-Poulenc? Its workers? of Bankers leave? The goals of the French State i. Reduce involvement of the state in French economy ii. Cut the budgetary deficit iii. Provide state-owned companies with access to private cap (including foreign capital) necessary for expansion iv. Add industrial diversity and liquidity to the equity market Constraints faced by the French State i.Concerned that the privatization program moldiness be successful politically as well ii. Desired a broad distribution of stock, in which ultimate buyers would be both private case-by-case investors and institutions noyaux durs, long-term holders. The goals of Rhone-Poulenc i. The religious offering would be fully subscribed with the widest possible participation by employees ii. The offering would not generate any of the financial costs of carrying unsold shares iii.The offering would require the company to grant only minimal in vestment incentives to the employees Constraints faced by Rhone-Poulenc i. Constrained by Tresors limitations on how generous the offering can be outlined, making the deal not so attractive to employees ii. How to encourage employees to purchase the firms shares in its forthcoming privatization? The goals of its workers i. Receive as favourable conditions as possible Constraints faced by its workers i. Not enough bills ii. Aversion to riskiness of common stocks ii. Might lose job and cash in the future The goals of Bankers Trust i. Creating a unique deal and perhaps success story for further business ii. Maintain its reputation as organism among the worlds most innovative banks and continue being regarded as among the top several banks in derivatives and risk-management expertise. Constraints faced by Bankers Trust i. Ensure that incomplete Rhone-Poulenc nor the French bank suffered any losses in conjunction with the provision of the guarantees to the employees

Response to Shooting an Elephant Essay

George Orwell, one of the most famous English authors, was born Eric Arthur Blair in Motihari, India, in 1903. His father was a colonial official for the British and his mothers family also had colonial ties. In 1922, Orwell worked as a British imperial officer in Burma for five years alone he in the end returned to England again beca ingestion he recognized the injustices of the British imperial rule in Burma and could non yen the guilt of oppressing the Burmese any more. Later, Orwell spent the next twenty years as a writer the essay Shooting an Elephant, set in the Burma of the 1920s and pen in 1936, is one of his most famous works.In the early twentieth century, Burma was still a colony of Britain but anti-imperialism protests and social movements developed very fast, causation great tension between Burmese, Indians and English, between civilians and police (Meyers 56). Orwells essay Shooting an Elephant is based on this historical tension. In this essay, Orwell depicts a n older narrator intercourse his imperial policemans experience of killing an escaped elephant that destroyed a market and killed an Indian man in Burma.Throughout the story, Orwell chooses language guardedly to develop his narration so as to help the lecturers explore a untested imperial officers senseal struggle. First, Orwell begins his story with frequent use of carefully-chosen verbalism to indicate the young policemans hatred and also sympathy toward the Burmese. When he eviscerates he was always an obvious target to those Burmese who scorned the British Empire, he writes When a nimble Burman tripped me up on the football field and the referee (a nonher Burman) looked the other way, then the crowd yelled with hideous laughter.This happened more than once. In the end the sneering yellow faces of young men that met me everywhere, the insults hooted after me when I was at a safe distance, got badly on my nerves. (Orwell 94) Using the stiff emotional words hideous, sneeri ng yellow faces, and hooted indicates the young officers disgust toward those Burmese. But in the following paragraph his emotions are suddenly draw in a more complex way the narrator says, All this was perplexing and upsetting (Orwell 94), which is opposite to the anger and bitterness that are suggested by the diction used before.By using these two words, Orwell changes the young policemans emotional part to the older narrators more intellectual voice to suggests a more complex feeling about what the young imperial policeman experienced because of his job. In the next sentence, Orwell uses a series of strong phrases to describe what the young police officer observes in his dirty work The wretched prisoners huddling in the stinking cages of lock-ups, the grey, cowed faces of the long-term convicts, the scarred buttocks of the men who had been flogged with bamboosall these crush me with an intolerable sense of guilt (Orwell 91).From this specific and graphic description of the pri son, readers can perceive the young officers sympathy and guilt toward the suffering Burmese. It makes them effect that the young imperial officer is not totally inhumane. In short, Orwell uses careful diction to create the first emotional struggle of the young officer inwardly his policing duties under imperialism. In the essay, Orwell also uses repetition to show the young narrators complex emotions.For example, after the young officer sees the destruction caused by the elephant and finally finds his target on the paddy field, he mentions more than three times that he is not willing to score the elephant. When he sees the crowd following him, he reports, I had no inclination of shooting the elephantI had merely sent for the rifle to defend myself if necessary(Orwell 94). After he sees the elephant, he comments, I knew with perfective tense certainty that I ought not to shoot him (Orwell 94). Then, he starts saying that the elephant was a huge and costly piece of machinery (Or well 95) and the elephant seemed harmless right now.The young officer continues claiming,I did not in the least want to shoot him (Orwell 95). These all shows the young mans sympathy toward the elephant, but more importantly Orwell builds up a tension here by using three different versions of repetition to show how the young officer was wavering in his position. For the first quote, no intention somehow indicates the young narrators thinking he seems to be saying, I have no purpose to do that and I am not going to do it. But then in the second quote, he says ought not to instead of no intension of, which contains much more certainty of not killing the elephant.It shows that the young officer knew he should not shoot the elephant, but he certainly felt a lot of pressure and his mind was not as firm as in the last statement. In the third statement, the young officers tone is obviously weaker than the last two I did not in the least want this tone sounds just like a prisoner talking a bout how he does not want to render a murder, finishes it saying I didnt want to kill that person. The young officers mind was wavering and he was taking a footfall forward toward killing the elephant everytime he introduces his different expressions of unwilling to kill the elephant.Orwell uses this repetition not unless to show the young officers internal conflict, but also to imply, as a possible result, that the young officer will change his mind from not shooting the elephant to actually doing that. However, under the crowds pressure and his position as an imperial officer, the young police officer has to kill the elephant in order to maintain his master figure. Orwell uses the change from the first person to the third person to comment on the young mans revelation. When the young man sees that the Burmese watch him excitedly, he suddenly feels that he should shoot the elephant after all.And it is because their two thousand wills were pressing me forward, irresistiblythat I perceived in this moment that when the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroys. He becomes a sort of hollow, posing dummy, the conventionalized figure of a sahib (Orwell 95). The narration shifts from the first person I to the third person he, indicating not only Orwells comment upon this decision of the young person, but also Orwells main argument in the essay as a imperial officer, a person needs to betray his own skillful nature in order to maintain his superiority toward the colonized.Then, Orwell uses strong terms again to replay the collar and tension that the young officer encountered earlier A white man mustnt be frightened in front of natives and so, in general, he isnt frightened. The sole thought in my mind was that if anything went wrong those two thousand Burmans would see me pursued, caught, trampled on and reduced to a grinning corpse like the Indian up the hill. And if that happened it was quite probable that some of them would laugh. That w ould never do. (Orwell 96)Here, words like sole thought, trampled, reduced to a grinning corpse are used to accentuate the young mans anxiety in shooting the elephant, for he does not want to lose face in front of the natives. This is the remaining emotion occupying his mind at that time even though he still has sympathy toward the elephant, as a imperial officer, he will kill the elephant to hold dear his conventionalized figure of a sahib. By way of these specific word choices, Orwell describes vividly how the young imperial officers pride finally defeats his good nature so that he can maintain his superior figure.Finally, Orwell ends the story using the young officers naive voice as remote to the older narrators voice mentioned before to make his narration more believable I was very glad that the coolie which is the Indian killed by the elephant had been killedit gave me a sufficient pretext for shooting the elephant (Orwell 99). Readers may feel sympathetic that the young ma n does not feel guilty but happy that he is not responsible for killing the elephant and saving his face or voiding looking a fool in front of the natives.They may feel pity that the young man is likely to learn nothing from this incident and even to feel lucky that someones death can free him of responsibility for killing the elephant. But this naive voice can increase the old narrators credibility because readers can feel his sincerity he is willing to meet that his younger self really felt a bit lucky that he was out of punishment because of the elephant killing an Indian man at that time.It convinces the reader to believe what the narrator argues at last as an imperial officer, he has to do what the natives expect of him in order to conform to his conventionalized figure of the sahib(Orwell 95), which is to avoid looking a fool(Orwell 99) in front of the natives. Overall, in this essay, Orwell uses effective language to make his narration of the story more impressive and thoug htful, and to explore an imperial officers struggle between his good nature and his imperial role.

American and North Vietnamese Perception of War

Austin Beeler American and North Vietnamese Perceptions of War To the American Soldiers and the NVA/VC soldiers, the Vietnam War was both very similar and very different. Most of soldiers in Vietnam went into the contend with a purpose, and they had a very high morale levels. Both the Americans and the NVA soldiers odd with many problems. The war left most soldiers with very severe cases of mental issues. There were also many things about the war that differed to the soldiers. nonpareil was the type of patriotism, and the opposite was the consequences of choosing to not fight.The American soldiers were fighting with a different type of patriotism than the communist soldiers. The Vietnamese soldiers were fighting for their freedom and to protect their homeland. The Americans were fighting for their government activity. They went into the war whole trusting their government no matter what they thought about the conflict. The war left both sides with huge wounds that would take a long time to heal. The American soldiers left for Vietnam knowing that they have been the victors in all of the other wars and conflicts they have been in.The morale among the soldiers was high at the beginning of the war. The Vietnamese soldiers had very high morale after beating the French in 1954. One American soldier wrote a letter to his fiance that was supposed to be given to her in the inauspicious event of his death. He told his fiance that he is proud that he was even able to fight for his country, and even though the war has taken his life, he wishes that she doesnt hate the war because of it. The soldiers that were first sent over seas were proud of what they were doing.They believed in their country and they believed that the people back home would have their back. The Vietnamese soldiers had been victorious in beating the French empire just years before the American soldiers arrived. They were in high spirits and it gave them a sense of invincibility because they just overcome a huge power. The Vietnamese soldiers were fighting for their homeland. They saw the Americans as another colonial power that was trying to move in and take control again. The soldiers knew that they could journey the land much better than the Americans and they carefully planned their attacks.Both of the sides were patriotic, but they were patriotic in different ways. The American soldiers were patriotic in the sense of they were serving for their government and their country. They were fighting because the government told them that they need to be over there stopping the spread of communism. For the Americans it was about making their country proud. The North Vietnamese soldiers were patriotic in a completely different sense. They were fighting for their freedom. They thought that if they didnt fight, then they would be put back down to a lower level than the Americans.Just comparable the French had done to them when they were in control. The soldiers were fighting to protect their families back north and to save their land. They had an obvious purpose to fight, while the Americans couldnt see how the war impact them back home. Both the Americans and the North Vietnamese soldiers left the war affected deeply. Many soldiers returned to their homes and they were severely affected by PTSD. In the book, Kein has nightmares every night that he tries to sleep. That includes the nights he was in the military, and the nights after the war was over.Kein was talking to one of this soldiers and he said their chaotic minds, their troubled speech, revealed how cruelly they were twisted and tortured by the war(20). The NVA soldiers watched thousands of their fellow soldiers die right beside them. Throughout the war, the NVA/VC lost over a million soldiers. Seeing that many people die affected the soldiers greatly. One of the soldiers in Keins battalion is severely depressed and is thinking about deserting the rest of the soldiers and heading home. Kein tells him its suicidal and shameful. Can saying Suicidal? Killing myself?Ive killed so very much it wont mean a thing if I kill myself. As for the shame In all my time as a soldier, Ive never seen anything honorable, shows how desensitized the soldiers are. They dont care about death anymore. Many of them embrace it because they know its coming. The American soldiers were just as scarred by the war. One of the soldiers that reflected on the war in 1984 basically said that depression kills you faster than a bullet to the head. It eats by at you inner being. It eats away at everything that you ever learned (5). The soldiers with depression didnt get booster from anyone.The only people they got help from were the psychiatrists they paid to go see. Both sides used drugs to help cope with the sorrows of war. The Vietnamese soldiers smoked the Rosa Canina flower, and the American soldiers smoked marijuana and used heroin. The drugs helped the soldiers deal with the depression of war. The w ar was a very tough rig for both sides. Both countries had a very hard time recovering from the war, but the people who had to overcome the most were the soldiers. They went through so many things in war that they left Vietnam with young shoulders that bore rather old heads (2).

Amadeus Biopic Essay

Told from the flash back sentiment of an aged Antonio Salieri in an insane asylum to a priest for a confession, the movie reveals Antonios launching to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, his professional career with Mozart, and his bitter rivalry and betrayal of Mozart. The film depicts an inaccurate account of Mozarts behavior but alleviate delivers on the effects which he composed.Throughout the film, were exposed to what are clearly historical inaccuracies. I understand that this film is an adaptation of the original Peter Shaffers Amadeus performed on Broadway in the 1980s and for purely theatrical purposes to endow the story with a plot, these changes had to either be implemented or but purely fabricated in place for the story to make sense. However, some of the err championous interpretations of Mozarts invigoration are fairish impossible to ignore for anyone who even had even the simplest understanding of his life, such(prenominal) as myself.The rife trait of Mozart that st uck out to me like a sore thumb was his high pitched cackling laughter. The movies laugh for Amadeus was constructed from letters that referenced Mozart having an infectious, giddy laugh much like metal scraping drinking glass according to Forman. However, Robert L. Marsh only, author of Film as Musicology Amadeus, discredits this notion as there were no citations that provided the existence of such letters. Since Mozart lived over devil centuries ago, theres no possible way to know exactly how he sounded.However, the brilliant Mozart in the film is supposed to be beau ideals creature (The Latin translation of Amadeus translates to lover of God or beloved by God) that usurps the mediocre Salieris position as the voice of God. So in effect, his laugh is God mocking Salieri in his mediocrity which further drives the frustration and anger of Salieri towards Mozart thus pushing the plot along. succession were on that subject, there is atomic evidence that Mozart and Salieri actual ly rivaled separately other to the extreme that the movie depicts. Certainly, they were rivals, but they were professional rivals.By professional rivals, I mean that even though they often butted heads in their pursuit of melody and their attempted publicity of their works, they still admired and respected each other greatly. Despite Salieri being the inferior musician, he still pooled great respect from Emperor Joseph II and his subjects and served as court composer, director of the Italian opera, and court conductor. Mozart on the other hand came as an outlander therefore did not possess the same influence or reputation as Salieri. To me, this just appears to be the politics of music its not what you know, its who you know.Regardless, Salieri really didnt bemuse a rationalness to hate Mozart as much as the movie shows because his influence alone virtually neutralized Mozart as a threat. Im sure when Mozart attempted to get his operas on the Italian stages it must have certai nly irked Salieri, but never to the point of violence. However, once again the fiction is created in order to begin a sensical plot line. Without that aggressive rivalry, theres no movie. One last thing that I personally found confusing is that absence of Joesph Haydn from the entire movie.History tells us that Mozart and Haydn met somewhere 1783 or 1784 and at present hit it off. They both admired each others work immensely and Mozart even went as far as to dedicate six strand quartets to Haydn as a tribute to the father of the string quartet. Throughout their lives, they were in correspondence with one another up until Mozarts death. However, despite this documented historical fact, Haydn is still left out of the movie. The movie itself is about two famous classical composers so wherefore not add Haydn to attract Haydn fans to the play or movie?One can only make as to why that is. Perhaps Forman thought that the addition of another prominent classical composer would ultimately diminish the importance of the feud between Mozart and Salieri. But Forman fashioned other characters throughout the film in order to serve roles that further drove the plot, so why not use Haydn instead? Or at least mention him? At one point in the film, Mozart mentions that he doesnt care for Gluck (which is to a fault inaccurate, he was an admirer of Gluck), but nevertheless, he still at least mentions the name.At this point its all speculation and I cant find anywhere an explanation for his absence. The movie is pierce with other inaccuracies that raise a lot of questions, but if anything I learned in English is true, its that in order to read any literature thats fiction or watch any movie, youre supposed to suspend yourself in willful disbelief meaning that enjoy it for what it is without dissecting it too much, which I can honestly and wholeheartedly state I did. Although it doesnt give an accurate portrayal of Mozart, Salieri or the setting its supposed to be placed in, it still gives an enjoyable experience.Despite the erroneous depiction, the melodious pieces revealed chronologically throughout the film are in fact the offspring of Mozarts genius. Whilst enjoying each piece as much as the next, I dont have the musical ear or expertise to discern which piece is being played in which dead reckoning, aside from the operas. However, the films composer John Strauss created a two disc soundtrack for the film and I have to admit, even though I neglect the expertise, I am astounded by Mozarts ability.Luckily, between the internet and my own mothers personal love for music (Fortunately, she had a library of CDs that included many of Mozarts work), I was able to essentially find each one-on-one piece within the movie. I have to learn, my favorite musical piece offered in the movie is the intent of the Don Giovanni. Perhaps some of it is because of the twist that Salieri puts on it that only he understood that the horrifying apparition was Leopald ra ised(a) from the dead The inference that I took from that between the monumental sounding music and the fervently conducting Mozart in the scene is that Mozart poured his personal misfortune of not living up to his fathers expectations in his work. It just makes it bet to be so personal, so passionate. I know that was the movies intent for me to feel that way, but I couldnt help getting sucked in, between seeing the gargantuan black commander singing in the wakeless bass voice is what seems to me to be such an accusing tone allegorically accusing his son in front of the world as Salieri puts it.All the while the plot twists during this play, as the madness grew within Salieri as he discovers such a simple way to destroy Mozart. Its just so epic, for lack of better words. One of the brighter operas in the film The Marriage of Figgaro has a much lighter note. Despite all of the red tape Mozart endures, he nevertheless through the exceptionally brilliance of his music and borderline self-reliance persuades the emperor to allow him to perform his opera.While we obviously never get to see the whole thing, the music and performance we do see is good. I wouldnt say I particularly cared for it. The colors, the notes, the lighting, its just too bright. However, the most impressive part of it is that his confidence in his music allowed him to break the traditional rules in order for his perform his opera. This seems metaphorically to portray the fact that Mozarts music didnt follow these contemporaneous musical rules of the time which contributed to his genius.Perhaps thats a long stretch, but thats immediately what came to mind. While the movie is composed (Pun intended) of Mozarts work, it would take an entire separate paper to dissect each one individually. Regardless, each piece performed in the play is enjoyable from one degree to another. Overall, I have to say I was more than happy with this movie. For a while, I dreaded watching the movie thinking it would b e a long drawn out boring biographic film, but to my surprise it shared little characteristics with a biography.The central thematic message of the movie is mostly if not entirely fictitious, but still lays a foundation in which the movie tells factual information about Mozart and sets a stage in which one can hear the pieces and enjoy them chronologically. To be frank and honest, if these fabrications of the bitter rivalry between Salieri and Mozart werent there, I would have had a hard time truly appreciating the Mozart as seen in the movie. Not to say his music is bad, its brilliant, but the underlying plot is what made the movie so interesting. Ultimately, if youre flavor for historical facts about Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, look elsewhere. If youre looking for a movie thats interesting and by and large based on one of the worlds greatest composers who ever lived, look no further.